Which reflex helps regulate the depth of breathing by detecting lung inflation?

The Hering-Breuer reflex is a critical mechanism that helps regulate the depth of breathing by responding to the degree of lung inflation. When the lungs expand during inhalation, stretch receptors located in the smooth muscle of the airways send signals to the brainstem indicating that the lungs are full. This feedback allows the body to prevent over-inflation of the lungs, helping to maintain a safe and effective breathing pattern. When the lungs are sufficiently inflated, the reflex initiates a response that can inhibit further inhalation, thereby regulating the respiratory process and aiding in the optimal exchange of gases.

In contrast, the gastrointestinal reflex is primarily related to the digestive system and does not play a role in respiration. The cardiac reflex pertains to the regulation of heart rate and blood pressure rather than lung function. The baroreceptor reflex also focuses on blood pressure regulation and is not directly involved in controlling the depth or rhythm of breathing. Thus, the Hering-Breuer reflex stands out as the primary reflex that plays a vital role in monitoring and regulating lung inflation during the breathing process.